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The American Lung Association developed the Quit Smoking Action Plan under the guidance of a team of experts on cigarette smoking.  It offers specific recommendations for selecting a personalized plan to free yourself of cigarettes and stay that way.

To help you better understand your options, the material is presented in the following 3 Steps of a Quit Smoking Action Plan, along with charts to guide you through each step.

A Deadly Combination: Addiction and Behavior

Nicotine is a powerful drug that raises mood, reduces anxiety, and, in those accustomed to it, increases alertness. Over time, it causes changes in smokers’ brains that make them need nicotine. Then, when they try to quit, smokers have unpleasant symptoms such as irritability, craving for cigarettes or difficulty concentrating.

An additional obstacle to quitting is the many daily behavior patterns that smokers may not even realize they have, such as morning or before-bed cigarette routines, or smoking with friends, co-workers or spouses. Each person’s smoking behavior is different, but these established patterns link smoking to many activities of daily life. These are called triggers.

People who are fairly dependent on cigarettes need to incorporate multiple sources of help in their quitting plan to maximize their odds of success. Those who are less dependent on cigarettes may be successful by using only a few sources of help. However, the more help you have, the better your chances of quitting and staying smoke-free.

Be a Smart Quitter!

There are many programs to help you quit smoking. The cost of these programs may vary from almost nothing to hundreds of dollars. A higher cost does not guarantee success. Many health plans and worksites provide free quit-smoking programs and some health plans cover the cost of medications to help you quit. Check with your insurance carrier or employer for more information.

Before investing your time or money in a program, ask questions such as:

• Is there a cost to you?
• Is the program convenient for you?
• Is the staff well trained and professional?
• Does the program meet your needs?
• What is the success rate of this program?

A program representative should be able to answer your questions. If they can’t, keep looking. There are no tricks or magic bullets to make you stop smoking. If a program seems too easy, guarantees you will quit, or claims a success rate that sounds unrealistic, look elsewhere.

Examining Your Options

STEP #1: Preparing to Quit

What You Need to Do

1. Identify your personal reasons for quitting.

2. Set a quit date, usually within 10 days to several weeks. If you smoke mostly at work, try quitting on a weekend. If you smoke mostly when relaxing or socializing, quit on a week day.

3. Identify your barriers to quitting (such as your spouse smokes or you’ve relapsed before due to depression or weight gain). You’ll find sources of help in this booklet to overcome these barriers.

4. Make SPECIFIC plans AHEAD OF TIME for dealing with temptations. Identify two or three coping strategies that work for you (such as taking a walk or calling a friend).

5. Get cooperation from family and friends. They can’t quit for you but they can help by not smoking around you, providing a sympathetic ear and encouragement when you need it and leaving you alone when you need some space.

STEP #2: Using Medications

What You Need To Know

When you smoke a cigarette, a high concentration of nicotine enters your body rapidly and travels to your brain. Nicotine medications provide you with a safer alternative source of nicotine that enters the body less rapidly and in a lower concentration than cigarettes. There is much unfounded concern about the safety of nicotine medications even though they have been extensively tested and used by millions of people. Unlike cigarettes, which contain thousands of harmful chemicals, nicotine medications contain small doses of nicotine alone to combat cravings and urges to smoke.

To optimize your chances of success, generally medications should be a component of your Quit Smoking Action Plan. However, not everyone who decides to quit smoking will want or need to use them. Depending on the medication you use, you may need a prescription. As with any medication, consult the package directions or your pharmacist before using. If you are pregnant, consult your physician; if you are taking other medications, consult the doctor who prescribed them or your pharmacist. The flip side of this would be the use of a product that did not have any medication in it nor tobacco, such as the product Smoke Away

Your goal in using nicotine medication is to stop smoking completely. If you plan to take nicotine medications, begin using them on your quit day. If you continue to have strong urges to smoke or are struggling to stop smoking completely, ask your healthcare provider about additional help.

If you take the non-nicotine medication,  such as Smoke Away, it should be started about 7-10 days before your target quit date.

Other Tips for Using Medications:

• Ask your physician or pharmacist for advice if you are uncertain about which medication to use.
• Learn to use the medication you choose (examples: apply patches properly, use nicotine gum, nasal spray or inhaler as recommended on package labeling).
• Many experts believe nicotine medications are often taken for too short a time to be of full benefit to users. For this reason, your healthcare provider may advise you to use your medication for a longer period of time or in combination with another medication. However, if you take these medications on your own, do not deviate from package directions.

STEP #3: Staying Smoke-Free

What You Need To Remember

After quitting and getting through the first couple of weeks, staying off cigarettes is critical—and not always easy. Research indicates that continued support and encouragement from health providers, family, friends and other sources are extremely helpful. With Smoke Away, we provide a support group that includes people that have already quit, and people who are currently in the process. It is a great resource for support in your quest to quit smoking.

Your friends and family won’t automatically know how to encourage you. Talk to them ahead of time about what they can do. Also, think about who you want to give you encouragement—someone who will stay positive even if you have some problems along the way.

The average person makes two to four attempts at quitting before they are able to stay smoke-free. If you return to smoking, it doesn’t mean you can’t quit. It just means you need to try again by figuring out what caused you to slip and improving your plan for next time.

You may want to use medications this time if you have tried to quit without them in the past. Or you may want to try a different group, individual counselor or other source of help if you’ve been unsuccessful at quitting on your own.

Some smokers wrongly believe they can reduce their health risks and continue to smoke by substituting other forms of tobacco. Low tar/nicotine cigarettes are not safer than cigarettes, nor do they reduce your risk of smoking-related disease. Smokeless tobacco, pipes and cigars also are not safe. Remember in the end, it will be up to you, and your support network that ultimately decides whether this will be your final quit.

34 Tips to Help You Quit Smoking Successfully

1.Wake up! We all know that smoking is bad for us, but if you’re like most smokers, you avoid looking at the destruction smoking causes whenever possible. Take the blinders off and read everything you can get your hands on about smoking. It will help you start to make the mental shift necessary to quit smoking.

2. Write it down.  Writing down what you’re going through is a useful tool for anyone trying to quit smoking. Start with your list of reasons for quitting. Include everything from big to small, and leave room to add to it. Think about the pros and cons of smoking and make your list as detailed as possible. Be honest with yourself.

3. Reaffirmation We have a way of believing what we tell ourselves over and over. Your journal will help you cement these goals. Prompt yourself with present-tense messages like: “I am a nonsmoker” or “I am strong and healthy”, and commit them to paper. Daily affirmations will plant the seeds of change in your mind, and it won’t be long before your actions are following your thoughts.

4. Lean on Someone  Having others who are interested in your success is very important. The Smoking Cessation Forum here at Smoke Away is a thriving, active group of people who can give you the help and encouragement you need. Sign in as a guest to browse and read posts from other quitters, or register(free) to post messages of your own.

5. Start taking your body back. Smoking cessation throws our bodies into shock initially. If you take care to give your body the fuel it needs to run properly, you’ll find that you’re better able to cope with the discomforts of nicotine withdrawal. Have the right foods within easy reach and you’ll minimize weight gain due to quitting.

6. Listen to your body. When you’re tired, cravings to smoke will seem stronger while you feel less able to manage them. Fit a full 8 hours of sleep in every night, and a nap here and there if you need it. If you have trouble sleeping when you first quit smoking, try taking a long walk a couple of hours before bed. Most importantly, you have been abusing your body with nicotine for so long, it’s time to repair it.

7. Water You’d be surprised what water can do. It will help to flush residual toxins out of your system, and beat back cravings to smoke. When you’re well-hydrated, you’ll feel better in general, which is a plus when you’re going through nicotine withdrawal.

8. Get back in the groove. If you already have a daily exercise regimen, good for you! If not, start now. Choose something you enjoy doing, and you’ll be more likely to stick with it. Aim for a half hour of exercise every day. Walking is a great way to move and it’s a quick fix for the urge to smoke. Get out for a 15 minute walk around the block and you’ll come back refreshed and relaxed.  Chances are if you start seeing an impvovement, you’ll want to keep it going. But you have to start.

9. Be Determined. Your determination to quit smoking is built one day at a time. Every smoke free day makes you stronger, and when you consciously take time to reflect and rejoice in the value of what you’re doing, you’re working to fortify your will to make this the quit that lasts you a lifetime.

10. Be grateful that you still have a chance to change things.Think about the blessings in your life. We all have them. Be thankful for the freedom you’re creating for yourself today. Remember that you’ve wanted to quit smoking for a long time and you’re finally doing something about it. List out the benefits you see in your health and overall being due to quitting tobacco. Make gratitude a daily conscious part of your life.

11. Know that it’s hard and accept the challenge. Relax into your quit and embrace cravings to smoke as they come. Don’t fight - lean into urges and ride them out. Most cravings last 3-5 minutes. Think of them as signs that your body is healing - that is just what they are.

12. Don’t long for the old you. Quitting tobacco is a gift, not a sacrifice. Don’t sabatoge yourself by feeling sorry that you can’t smoke. You are choosing not to smoke because you want to be free of this killer of an addiction. Keep your perspective!

13. It doesn’t happen overnight. Just as Rome wasn’t built in a day, people don’t quit smoking in a day either. Most of us had 20 years or more of smoking under our belts before we quit. Give yourself the gift of time and patience. Work to undo old patterns and replace them with newer, healthier choices. Each day you complete smoke free brings you closer to lasting freedom.

14. Make this the year  We all vow to do it, but we let lifes challenges knock us off track. But remember, life’s challenges are easier to deal with when you are not chained to nicotine addiction. You can quit smoking for good!  and Shed the chains of addiction and take back your life.

15. Decide Right Now to Believe that You CAN Quit Smoking

Studies of smokers who successfully quit smoking show that one of the most important traits of a successful quitter is their belief that they have the ability to quit smoking.

Do you believe that you can quit? If you don’t, you will have a much harder time trying to quit. The best action you can take right now to start the quitting process is to fix in your mind the belief that you have the ability to quit smoking. You might say that you can’t change your belief, but you can.

Believing you can quit is so important because your belief will guide everything you do in your attempt to quit. The way you think, the research you do, the steps you take, the people you talk to, the help you seek–all these will be influenced by the belief you have in your ability to give up cigarettes.

16. One little smoke does make a difference. If you don’t truly believe you can quit, you’ll probably find yourself saying, “What’s one little cigarette? I’ve got a headache. I just can’t quit like other people.” If you believe you can quit, instead you’ll be saying “My head is hurting from withdrawal, but I can make it through this. I know the headache and other withdrawal symptoms will go away in a few days. My life is more important than a stupid cigarette.”

17. Believing shapes everything you do. So does not believing. If you believe something strongly enough your mind will give you the correct thoughts to help your body take you in the direction of your belief. You must believe that you can quit smoking, even if it takes 10,000 attempts. 

• Realize that your old belief was founded on old ideas and circumstances and that your new belief is based on new information and your newfound desire to quit smoking now.
• On 3X5 cards, write out several positive statements about your ability to quit. Read your cards three times a day: morning, noon and bedtime. Some statements to use: “I believe that I have the ability to quit smoking,” “I am a non-smoker,” “I no longer need cigarettes in my life,” “I happily quit smoking,” “It’s easy to quit smoking,” “I am a powerful, self-directed person,” “I control my own life.” Make up some of your own statements. Make them positive, as if you have already completed the task.
• Post a sign on your bathroom mirror with one of the above statements on it.
• Repeat the above statements to yourself, whenever you have a free moment.
• Use visualization techniques  to visualize yourself mastering your smoking habit and winning the fight.
• Ask your family and friends to encourage you with positive statements about your ability to quit smoking.

18. Create a “Quit Plan” Successful people in all walks of life become successful through planning. The same is true for smokers who successfully quit smoking. You must create a plan that you will follow daily, so that you quit smoking purposefully, not haphazardly.PLan your work and work your plan.

19. Take the plan seriously. This is your life we are talking about! Study this report and write down how you will mentally prepare yourself to quit smoking. Don’t try to quit until you feel you are ready.

20. Set a quit date. Decide on a specific date that you will quit. Write down your “quit date.” Make sure your quit date comes after you have completed step “a” above. Also, choose a quit date that occurs during a relatively low stress time. Don’t try to quit during a stressful time at work or during the break-up of a relationship, for example.

21. Hold yourself to the date. Quitting on a specific date is preferable to slowly reducing the number of cigarettes that you smoke. By going “cold turkey” you won’t have to keep track of how many cigarettes you smoked yesterday and how many you will smoke today. You will also remove the temptation to cheat and smoke too many. By using this report to prepare yourself for your quit date you will be ready to quit, and going cold turkey won’t be so difficult.

22. Think about the upside. Write down all the things you will enjoy doing after you quit smoking (long walks, eating out without being restricted to the smoking section, taking a vacation with the money you will save, etc.). This step is very important, so spend extra time dreaming up your “smoke-free future.”

23. Remember the triggers. Write down the times and occasions when you are most likely to smoke. Write down what “triggers” your desire to smoke. You may be surprised to find that you have organized your day around smoking.

24. Plan your new life. Write down five to ten things you will do instead of smoking, whenever you feel a cigarette craving coming on. For example, you might drink a glass of water, go for a short walk, type a letter, do some filing, call a friend, read a book, or mow the grass. Plan how you will distract yourself. Try to distract yourself with something healthy and/or beneficial. Match the distractions you’ve created in this step with the times and occasions your wrote down in step “d” above.

25. Identify your support network. Write down the names of three people whom you trust to support your efforts to quit smoking. Contact them and ask for their support. Make sure you tell them that you want only positive support. Ask them to call you each day and give you positive encouragement. Also, ask them if you can call them if you need help.

26. Purge the old. Write down a list of all the items that you use when smoking: cigarettes, lighters, matches, ashtrays, etc. Make notes about where every single item is. Then on your “quit date” track down each item and throw them away. Don’t forget to clean out your car and your office at work.

27. Reward yourself. Write down a list of rewards that you will give yourself. Be sure to reward yourself as you go longer and longer without smoking. For example: End of Day One — long, hot bubble bath. End of Week One — see a Movie. End of Week Three — dinner at an exclusive restaurant. End of Month Two — take a day off from work. End of Six Months — take a weekend getaway. End of Year One — take a 7-day vacation. Whenever possible, write down the specific date that you will reward yourself. By the way, these rewards won’t cost you much, if anything, because you’ll be saving hundreds of dollars by not smoking!

28. Go see your doctor. Make an appointment to see your doctor. You need to know about you. What are you waiting for? 

29. You must Take Action You can’t win the battle if you don’t start the battle. The problem with too many unmet goals and plans is that no action was ever taken to start down the road to achieving the goal or plan. If you created your “Quit Plan” above (you did create a “Quit Plan”, didn’t you?) you now have a plan for quitting. What is the first step  of your Quit Plan? Have you done it yet? Do it now! You must put your plan into action. Getting started on your plan is difficult, but once you get started it’s hard to stop. So get started today!

30. Prepare Yourself Mentally  While most of the media attention surrounding the smoking addiction focuses on chemical addictions to nicotine, you are in reality “multi-addicted.” You are addicted to the feel of the cigarette in your hand and mouth. You are addicted to the actions of lighting your cigarette, moving your cigarette up to your mouth, flicking ashes from the cigarette and holding your cigarette between your fingers. You’ve also become addicted to the visual appeal of cigarettes: the flame, the smoke, even a dirty ashtray. You’re also addicted to the deep inhalations and exhalations you take as you puff on your cigarettes. You may have become addicted to smoking buddies at your workplace. All these stimuli serve to meet some physical, psychological or emotional need within you.

31. Understand why you like cigarettes. Part of preparing yourself mentally is understanding, studying and attacking your addictions. Think about the pleasures you derive from smoking. Does it make you feel “cool”? Do you get a lift or relax? Do you need to have something in your mouth or hands? Do you enjoy breathing deeply when you smoke? Do you feel a compulsion to head out to socialize with your smoking buddies every morning at 10:30?

Think through how you feel when you smoke. Are you happy, sad, soothed, or more alert? The next time you smoke a cigarette, notice all these things. Jot down your observations, then re-read them regularly. Study your own addiction so you understand what you must overcome. As Socrates said, “Know thyself.”

32. Seek Help and Support from Family and Friends constantly. Sure we said indentify your support network but sometimes our family and friends can be our worst enemies when we are attempting something very difficult or “different.” If your family or friends don’t smoke, they may not understand your desire to quit. Nor will they understand the extreme difficulty of overcoming your addiction.

If your family and friends do smoke, they may have attempted to quit themselves, but failed. Or they may not want to quit at all, thereby placing pressure on you not to quit also. Human nature causes people to try to “hold others back” when someone close to them begins to move in a direction different from the norm. If you quit, you will place pressure and the spotlight on family and friends who are still smoking.

Your challenge will be to let others around you know that you are doing this for YOU. Let them know that if they will not encourage you, then they should “keep quiet while you quit.” But by all means encourage others to encourage you.

Ask your family and friends to give you positive encouragement. Make sure they know that you do not want them to point out your faults, mistakes and slips. Ask them to praise your victories, large or small. Ask them to be understanding during the times that you may be less than friendly or patient. Ask them to be a part of the solution, not a part of the problem.

33.  Find a Quit Buddy Chances are you know another smoker who wants to quit. Suggest to that smoker that you help each other “douse the flames” forever. Studies show that smokers who partner with a Quit Buddy to provide mutual support are more successful when giving up cigarettes than are smokers who try to quit on their own.

If you can’t readily find a Quit Buddy, try contacting some of the resources listed at the end of this report. Also, many local hospitals and churches have quit-smoking programs and you may be able to find a Quit Buddy or even a Quit Group there.

Quit Buddies can provide support by way of daily or even hourly phone calls. Make yourself available to your Buddy whenever he or she needs help making it through the tougher moments. Provide positive encouragement when your Buddy succeeds. Do your best to ignore any relapse your Buddy may have. Don’t try to “shame” or coerce your Buddy into quitting. Studies show that negative feedback does not improve quit-smoking success rates.

Plan outings and activities together. As previously mentioned, you might exercise with your Quit Buddy. Sign contracts with each other stating that you will quit smoking and provide your Buddy with support while they quit.

34. Don’t Give Up Many smokers who have successfully given up cigarettes have made several attempts to quit before they finally kicked the habit. You should know going in that quitting may be a lengthy, or even life-long, process. There is no failure as long as you  (Believe). If you believe you will quit, you will! It may take three or four attempts before your quitting “sticks.” If you quit for a short time then resume smoking, you are one step closer to quitting for good. Just quit again. Keep doing it Until. Until you win, until you quit for life.

You may find that after a first or second attempt to quit you have reduced the number of cigarettes that you smoke each day. That’s great! You are no longer as dependent! Now, go for the gold!

Smoke Away realizes that you want to quit, hopefully with the help of these tips, it can help spur you to finally quit smoking and get on with the rest of your life.

** Article © Copyright Fred Kelley of QuitSmoking.com. Visit the web site at http://www.quitsmoking.com
for great information and products designed to help you quit smoking

Here is a video that will make you think the next time you or your friend takes a drag on a cigarette.

And another…

On the lighter side, or maybe not?

Now that you have seen what smoking can do to you, as if you had not already known that, isn’t it time you did something about it? The makers of Smoke Away want you to quit. As much as we want you to use our product, as long as you quit, is really the bottom line here. If you want to talk to others either in the process of quitting or who have already, log on to our Smoke Away Support group.

Why do You Smoke?

If you know the answer to this question, it will be easier to stop smoking because you can find ways to make up for the things you may miss when you stop.

Most people smoke for different reasons at different times. Reasons for smoking include psychological issues, habits, social pressures and physical dependence on nicotine. The questionnaire that follows will help you decide which reasons are important in your smoking.

 Let’s Take The ‘Why Test’

Next to the following statements, mark the number that best describes your own experience. (5=Always, 4=Most of the time, 3=Once in a while, 2=Rarely, 1=Never)

___ A. I smoke to keep myself from slowing down.
___ B. Handling a cigarette is part of the enjoyment of smoking it.
___ C. Smoking is pleasant and relaxing.
___ D. I light up a cigarette when I feel angry about something.
___ E. When I am out of cigarettes, it’s near-torture until I can get more.
___ F. I smoke automatically, without even being aware of it.
___ G. I smoke when people around me are smoking.
___ H. I smoke to perk myself up.
___ I. Part of my enjoyment from smoking is preparing to light up.
___ J. I get pleasure from smoking.
___ K. When I feel uncomfortable or upset, I light up a cigarette.
___ L. When I’m not smoking a cigarette, I’m very much aware of the fact.
___ M. I often light up a cigarette when one is still burning in the ashtray.
___ N. I smoke cigarettes with friends when I am having a good time.
___ O. When I smoke, part of the enjoyment is watching the smoke as I exhale.
___ P. I want a cigarette most often when I am comfortable and relaxed.
___ Q. I smoke when I am “blue” and want to take my mind off what’s bothering me.
___ R. I get a real hunger for a cigarette when I haven’t had one in a while.
___ S. I’ve found a cigarette in my mouth and haven’t remembered it was there.
___ T. I always smoke when I am out with friends at a party, bar, etc.
___ U. I always smoke cigarettes to get a lift.

Now for the reality, Score Yourself

Step 1: Transfer the numbers from the quiz to the scorecard that follows by matching up the letters. For example, take the number you wrote for question A on the quiz and enter it on line A of the scorecard.

Step 2: Add each set of 3 scores on the scorecard to get the total for each different category. For example, to find your score on the “Stimulation” category, add together the scores for questions A, H and U.

The score for each category can range from a low of 3 to a high of 15. A score of 11 or above on any set is high and means that your smoking is probably influenced by that category. A score of 7 or below is low and means that this category is not a primary source of satisfaction to you when you smoke.

‘Why Test’ scorecard

“It stimulates me.” You feel that smoking gives you energy and keeps you going. Think about alternative ways to boost your energy, such as brisk walking or jogging.
___ A
___ H
___ U
___ “Stimulation” Total

“I want something in my hand.” There are a lot of things you can do with your hands without lighting up a cigarette. Try doodling with a pencil, or playing with putty or a fake cigarette.
___ B
___ I
___ O
___ “Handling” Total

“It feels good.” You get a lot of physical pleasure from smoking. Various forms of exercise or other activities can be effective alternatives.
___ C
___ J
___ P
___ “Pleasure/Relaxation” Total

“It’s a crutch.” It can be tough to stop smoking if you find cigarettes comforting in times of stress, but there are many better ways to deal with stress.
___ D
___ K
___ Q
___ “Crutch/Tension” Total

“I’m hooked.” In addition to having a psychological addiction to smoking, you may also be physically addicted to nicotine. It’s a hard addiction to break, but it can be done. Talk with your doctor about using nicotine replacement therapy (the gum, patch, inhaler or nasal spray) to control your withdrawal symptoms.
___ E
___ L
___ R
___ “Craving/Addiction” Total

“It’s part of my routine.” If cigarettes are merely part of your routine, stopping should be relatively easy. One key to success is being aware of every cigarette you smoke. Keeping a smoking diary is a good way to do this.
___ F
___ M
___ S
___ “Habit” Total

“I am a social smoker.” You smoke when people around you are smoking and when you are offered cigarettes. It is important for you to avoid these situations until you are confident about being a nonsmoker. If you cannot avoid a situation in which others are smoking, remind them that you are a nonsmoker.
___ G
___ N
___ T
___ “Social Smoker” Total

Now, what do you do about your score?  It’s time to think about the rest of your life. If you continue to smoke, then you might want to make plans for your loved one’s once you are gone. Is that a harsh statement? Yes, but that is the reality of cigarette smoking. For more information on how you can quit smoking, logon to Smoke Away. It might be the answer you’re looking for. Regardless of whether you use Smoke Away or not, you need to find the best vehicle that will increase your chances of quitting smoking, once and for all! Need more proof? Talk to the users of the Smoke Away Support Site.

Maybe this well help drive the point home!. Look at this list of people who died from smoking related illnesses, Look how old they all were as well.

Allen, Gracie, 58, actress; heart attack (August 27, 1964)
The Burns and Allen Show
Allen lived with an George Burns, an inveterate cigar smoker, for 38 years; she had a long history of heart problems.

Ambrose, Stephen E., 66, historian; lung cancer (October 13, 2002)
Band of Brothers, The Good Fight, Nothing Like it in the World

Armstrong, Louis, 74, musician, heart attack (July 6, 1971)
Armstrong, a smoker, advertised Camels.

Arnaz, Desi, actor, lung cancer (December 2, 1986)

Lucy & Desi plug Philip Morris Check out the Philip Morris commercial at: http://www.tvparty.com/tv/ilovelucy1.ram

Astor, Mary, 81, actress; emphysema (September 24, 1987)
The Maltese Falcon

Baldwin, James, 63, author, esophageal cancer.(November 30, 1987)
Go Tell it on the Mountain; The Fire Next Time

Ball, Lucille, actress, aortic aneurism (Helen Gurley Brown claims cause of death was “smoking-induced lung cancer”)
I Love Lucy Lucy & Ricky Call for Philip Morris
See the “I Love Lucy” entry at the Female Celebrity Smoking LIst

Bankhead, Tallulah, 65, actress; lung cancer or emphysema (December 12, 196
The Blue Angel

Barger, Carl, President, Florida Marlins; aortic aneurysm (December 9, 1992)

Barker, George Granville, 78, English Poet; emphysema (October 31, 1992)

Basie, William “Count”, 79 Band Leader; pancreatic cancer (1984)
smoker; advertised camels

Becaud, Gilbert, 74 Singer; cancer (December 17, 2001)
Et maintenant (What Now My Love?)

Bel Geddes, Barbara, 82, Actress; lung cancer (August 8, 2005)
First “Maggie” in ” Cat on a Hot Tin Roof” on Broadway; Miss Ellie Ewing, “Dallas”

Benson, Renaldo “Obie”, 69, Singer; lung cancer (July 1, 2005)
The lung cancer was discovered when he had a leg amputated several weeks before because of circulation problems
The Four Tops “Baby I Need Your Loving,” ”Reach Out (I’ll be There),” ”I Can’t Help Myself,” ”Standing in the Shadows of Love.” Wrote

“What’s Goin’ On?”Benny, Jack, 80, comedian/violinist; pancreatic cancer (December 26, 1974)Benaderet, Bea, 62, TV actress; emphysema/lung cancer (October 13, 196
Beverly Hillbillies, Burns & Allen, Petticoat Junction, Betty Rubble’s voice in The FlintstonesBernstein, Leonard, 72, composer, conductor; heart attack due to lung failure (October 14, 1990)

Blake, Amanda, 60, actress; throat cancer complicated by a type of viral hepatitis brought on by AIDS, according to her physician, Lou Nishimura. (August 16, 1989)
Miss Kitty on Gunsmoke;
At 48, Blake, once a 2-pack a day smoker, had a malignant tumor removed from her tongue; she re-learned how to speak, toured for the American Cancer Society, and fought oral cancer until her death 12 years later. President Reagan presented her with the ACS’s “Courage Award” in 1984. Dr. Nishimura contributed his information in a 1991 UPI item.

Blakey, Art,71, jazz drummer and band leader; lung cancer (1990)

Blass, Bill,79, fashion designer; throat cancer (June 12, 2002)

Brand, Neville,71, actor; emphysema (1992)

Bogart, Humphrey, 57, actor; cancer of the esophagus (January 14, 1957)

Boone, Richard, 64, actor; throat cancer (January 10, 1981)
Have Gun, Will Travel; The Kremlin Letter

Brand, Neville, 69, actor; decorated WWII soldier; emphysema (April 16, 1992)
D.O.A., Stalag 17, That Darn Cat!

Brinegar, Paul, 77, actor; emphysema (March 27, 1995)
Wishbone, Rawhide

Brynner, Yul, 65, actor; lung cancer (October 10, 1985)
The King and I
Diagnosed in 1983, Brynner made a memorable anti-smoking commercial.

Buck, Frank, 66, writer/adventurer, lung cancer (1950)
Bring ‘Em Back Alive

Butler, John, 56, General Manager of the San Diego Chargers football team, lung cancer (April 11, 2003)

Caen, Herb; SF columnist; lung cancer (February 1, 1997)

Calhoun, Rory, 76, actor; emphysema (April 28, 1999)
TV: The Texan, Capitol Calhoun’s Chesterfield ad is PM Bates# 2023238532

Caldwell, Erskine, 83, author; lung cancer (April 11, 1987)
Tobacco Road, God’s Little Acre

Candy, John, 43, actor; heart attack (March 4, 1994)
Second City TV; Planes, Trains and Automobiles

Cantineflas (Mario Moreno Reyes), 81, popular Mexican comedian; lung cancer (April 20, 1993)

Carson, Johnny, 79, talk show host; emphysema (January 23, 2005). Carson also had heart problems, including a bypass operation in 1999.
The Tonight Show

Carr, Allen, 72, British-based, world-wide quit-smoking guru; lung cancer (November 29, 2006).
Allen Carr’s Easyway

Carver, Raymond, 50, author; lung cancer (August 2, 198
What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Fires: Essays, Poems, Stories

Caruso, Enrico, 48, opera singer; absesses from pleurisy of the lungs (August 2, 1921)
Smoked 2 packs of Egyptian cigarettes a day.

Cassidy, Jack, 50, actor; died in a fire from smoking in bed (December 12, 1976)
Father of Patrick, Shaun and David Cassidy

Cervone, Ed, 56, artist; lung cancer (2001)

Cipollone, Rose, 58, housewife; lung cancer (1984)

Clooney, Rosemary, 74, singer, actress; lung cancer (June 30, 2002)
MOVIES: White Christmas SONGS: Come on-a My House

Cobb, Ty, 74, baseball player; cancer, diabetes, chronic heart disease (July 17, 1961)

Cole, Nat “King”, 45, singer, first African-American TV show host; died after surgery for lung cancer (February 15, 1965)
The Christmas Song, Unforgettable

Cooper, Wilhelmina Behmenburg, 40, model; lung cancer

Connors, Chuck, 71; actor; lung cancer (November 10, 1992)
The Rifleman

Coward, Noel, 73, playwright, entertainer; heart attack (March 26, 1973

Cooper, Gary, 60, actor; lung cancer (May 13, 1961)
High Noon, Sgt. York Advertised Chesterfields

Cooper, Wilhelmina Behmenburg, 40, modeling agency pioneer; throat cancer (1980)

Crawford, Victor,63, tobacco lobbyist-turned-tobacco-control-advocate; lung cancer (March 2, 1996)
Coined the phrase, “Health Nazis” I used the oldest trick in the book — when there’s no way you can attack the message, attack the messenger. There was no way I could attack anything advocates said about health and addiction and win. It wasn’t even an option. So I’d always say, `Well, the jury’s still out on the health stuff, but that’s not the real issue. The real issue is freedom of choice, freedom of choice, and these health Nazis want to take it away!’”

Crosby, Gary, 61, author, son of Bing Crosby; lung cancer (August 24, 1995)
Going My Own Way (1983)

Davis, Bette, 81, stroke (1989)

Davis, Jr., Sammy, 64, entertainer; throat cancer (May 16, 1990)

Dederich, Charles E., 83, addiction counselor, heart and lung failure (March 4, 1997)
Founder and head of Synanon, Dederich in 1971 decided not only to stop supplying his community of ex-heroin addicts cigarettes without charge but also to ban smoking on Synanon property. The next year is one of the most tumultuous in Synanon’s history to that point. About 100 people left. At least one member told the New York Times that quitting tobacco was much harder than quitting heroin.

Desmond, Paul, 52, musician, composer, bon vivant; lung cancer (May 30, 1977)
Alto saxophone; Take Five with Dave Brubeck quartet

Dewhurst, Colleen, 67, actress, lung cancer (1991)

Diamond, Selma, 64, actress; lung cancer (May 14, 1985)
Night Court, My Favorite Year, It’s a Mad Mad Mad Mad World

Disney, Walt, 65, animator, producer; lung cancer (acute circulatory collapse following an operation to remove a tumor) (December 15, 1966)

Dorsey, Jimmy, 53, musician, bandleader; lung cancer (June 12, 1957)
So Rare, Tangerine

Downey, Morton, Jr. , 67, talk show host, actor (”The Mouth”); lung cancer (March 11, 2001)
The Morton Downey Jr. Show.

Duisenberg, Wim , 70, heart attack, July 31, 2005
Former European Central Bank chief who helped create the euro currency. Duisenberg “died a natural death, due to drowning, after a cardiac problem.”

Eliot, T.S., 76; author, poet; emphysema (January 4, 1965)
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Hallow Men, Murder in the Cathedral

Faria, Mimi, 56; singer, activist; complications from lung cancer (July 18, 2001)
Reflections in a Crystal Wind, Bread and Roses founder; sister of Joan Baez, wife of Richard Faria

Ellington, Duke, 75; composer/band leader; lung cancer/pneumonia (May 24, 1974)
Sophisticated Lady, It Don’t Mean a Thing if It Ain’t Got that Swing

Fenneman, George, 77; announcer, actor; emphysema (May 19, 1997)
Groucho Marx sidekick, You Bet Your Life

Finks, Jim, 65; football team president/manager; lung cancer (1993)
Much-admired New Orleans Saints football team president and general manager. Credited with helping to bring about the return of the Chicago Cubs and New Orleans Saints. From Tobacco News, 6/10/93: There is no smoking anymore on the grounds of the New Orleans Saints’ mini camp. Signs went up on orders of owner Tom Benson, after . . . Jim Finks was diagnosed with lung cancer April 30. “There’s no smoking anywhere on the Saints property,” Coach Jim Mora said. “And I mean anywhere.”

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 44, writer; heart attack (December 21, 1940)
The Great Gatsby

Fleming, Ian, 56, author; heart attack (August 12, 1964)
James Bond novels

Flood, Curt, 59, baseball player/free agent advocate; throat cancer (January, 1997)

Flynn, Errol, 50, actor; heart attack (October 14, 1959)
Robin Hood, Captain Blood
Sidelight: In his youth, Flynn ran a tobacco plantation in New Guinea

Fosse, Bob, 60, dancer/choreographer, smoked 4 packs a day; heart attack (1987)

Freud, Sigmund, 83, cancer of the jaw (1939)

Gable, Clark, 59, actor; heart attack (November 16, 1960)
The Misfits

Gainsbourg, Serge, 63, poet, pop singer-songwriter, actor and director; heart attack (March 2, 1991)
Je t’aime… moi non plus

Gargan, William, 73, actor; heart attack (February 17, 1979)
50s TV detective series, Martin Kane
Gargan would hang out at Happy McMann’s Tobacco shop, touting his sponsor’s products. His career ended when he lost his larynx to cancer in 1960. He became the spokesman for the American Cancer Society, speaking out against smoking.

Gassman, Vittorio, 77, Actor, author; heart attack (June 29, 2000)
Bitter Rice, Mambo, Scent of a Woman (1974)
“Suffering chronically from emphysema, bronchitis, high blood pressure and depression, the cigar-smoking Gassman abandoned stage acting in February, telling his final audience ruefully: ‘Death does not obsess me–it disgusts me.’”–LA Times, 7/1/00

Giamatti, Bart, 51, baseball commissioner; heart attack (1990)

Godfrey, Arthur, 80, radio/TV entertainer; emphysema (diagnosed with lung cancer in 1959, then recovered after surgery) (March 16, 1983)
Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts “Smoke ‘em by the carton”; also advised people not to smoke, but if they did, to smoke Chesterfields. For a classic medical claim, see, http://roswell.tobaccodocuments.org/pages/godfrey.htm

Goizueta, Roberto, 65, Coca-Cola CEO, lung cancer (October 18, 1997)

Gotti, John, 61, Mafia Don, throat cancer (June 10, 2002)
The once-powerful boss was 100lbs when he died, and hadn’t eaten solid food in a year.

Grant, General Ulysses S., 63, throat cancer (July 23, 1885)
18th President of the US

Grable, Betty, 56, “pin-up” girl, actress; lung cancer (July 2, 1973)
How to Marry a Millionaire

Gray, Les, 57, singer, heart attack. (February 21, 2004)
The lead singer of 1970s chart topping band “Mud” had been battling against throat cancer, and had opted for chemotherapy over removal of his voice box.

Gzowski, Peter, 67, Radio host (”The Voice of Canada”); COPD/emphysema (January 24,, 2002)
Morningside

Guardino, Harry, 69, actor; lung cancer (July 17, 1995)

Hamilton, Carrie, 38, writer, producer; lung cancer (January, 2002)
Daughter of Carol Burnett

Hammett, Dashiell, 67, writer; lung cancer (January 10, 1961)
The Maltese Flacon; The Thin Man

Hansberry, Lorraine, 34, playwright; lung cancer (1965)
A Raisin in the Sun, To Be Young, Gifted, and Black

Harrison, George, 58, musician; lung cancer (November 29, 2001)
The “Quiet Beatle.” He had been battling various forms of the disease for at least three years: In 1998, he underwent radiation therapy for throat cancer, which he attributed to years of smoking.

Haynes, Lloyd, 52, TV actor; lung cancer (December 31, 1986)
General Hospital, Mr. Dixon in Room 222

Hayward, Susan, 55, actor; lung cancer metastized to her brain (March 14, 1975)
I’ll Cry Tomorrow, I Want to Live!

Heckart, Eileen, 82, actress, cancer (December 31, 2001)
Butterflies Are Fee, Bus Stop, Somebody Up There Likes Me

Hellman, Lillian, 79, author; lung cancer (June 30, 1984)
The Little Foxes, The Children’s Hour

Henderson, Joe, 64, jazz tenor saxophonist; heart failure following a long bout with emphysema. (June 30, 2001)

Hobbs, Elsbeary, singer; throat and lung cancer (May 31, 1996)
Bass singer with The Drifters
Under the Boardwalk, On Broadway, There Goes My Baby

Holliday, Judy, 43, actress; throat cancer (June 7, 1965)
Born Yesterday

Humphrey, Hubert, Vice-President under Johnson, 66, bladder cancer (197

Huntley, Chet, actor, news commentator; lung cancer (1974)

Huston, John, 81, director; emphysema/pneumonia (1987)

Howard, Mo, 77, actor; lung cancer
The “boss stooge” of The Three Stooges

Ives, Burl, 85, actor; oral cancer (April 14, 1995)
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof; The Big Country

James, Dennis, 79; announcer, actor, game show host; lung cancer (June 5, 1997)
Voice of Old Gold Cigarettes when they danced died of lung cancer 30 years after quitting smoking. Had spurned lucrative tobacco contract after SG’s report.

Jennings, Peter, 67, newscaster; lung cancer (August 7, 2005)
Anchorman, ABC’s World News Tonight

Jones, Lindley Armstrong (”Spike”), 53; comedic composer/band leader; emphysema (May 1, 1965)
Smoked 5 packs a day

Jones, Etta, 72; singer; lung cancer (Oct. 16, 2001)

Karloff, Boris, 81, actor; heart and lung disease (emphysema) (February 2, 1969)
Frankenstein; Targets

Kaufman, Andy, 35, lung cancer (1984)(Kaufman only smoked in-character, but played for years in smoky clubs.)

Kieslowski, Krzystof, 54, film director; heart attack (March 13, 1996)
Blue, White, Red
Retired to a house in 1994: “There is a veranda and a chair. I’ll have lots of books, lots of cigarettes, lots of coffee. Don’t you sometimes dream of the same thing?”

King Edward VII of England, 69, pneumonia; he suffered for years from a series of heart attacks, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (May 6, 1910)
As the Prince of Wales he helped make smoking, and particularly cigar smoking, fashionable. He smoked twelve large cigars and twenty cigarettes a day. In 1876, he gave Benson & Hedges its first royal warrant. Edward VII became king on the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, at the age of 59. Legend has it that he said to his friends in Buckingham Palace upon his mother’s death: “Gentlemen, you may smoke.”

King Edward VIII of England, 77, throat cancer. May 28, 1972
Later titled as: Duke of Windsor when he abdicated the throne to marry Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson.

King George V of England, 70; he suffered from bronchitis and numerous lung problems; his death was thought to be from a viral respiratory infection. (January 20, 1936)

King George VI of England, 56; a lung cancer sufferer who had had part of his lung removed, he died of a massive heart attack. (February 6, 1952)
Father of Queen Elizabeth II

Keaton, Buster, 71, deadpan silent film actor; lung cancer (February 1, 1966)
The General

Kendrick, Eddie, 52; singer; (1992)
The Temptations
Asked kids not to smoke.

Knapp, Caroline, 42; writer; lung cancer(2002)
Drinking: A Love Story; Appetites
In “Drinking,” she attends a stop-smoking session, but decides alcohol is her real problem; is puzzled when her dying mother askes her to give up smoking.”Appetites” does not address smoking at all.

Knotts, Don 81,actor; lung cancer (February 24, 2006)
“The Andy Griffith Show,” “Three’s Company,” “The Incredible Mr. Limpet” (1964), “The Ghost and Mr. Chicken” (1966)

Kovacs, Ernie, 43; TV personality; skull fracture from an automobile accident caused while he was trying to light his trademark cigar (January 11, 1962)

L’Amour, Louis, 80, author; lung cancer. (June 10, 198
High Lonesome, Comstock Load, Hondo, Sackett

Landon, Michael, 54, actor, smoked 4 packs a day; cancer of the pancreas and liver (July 1, 1991)
Bonanza, Little House on the Prairie; I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957)

Lerner, Alan Jay, 67, playwright, lyricist; lung cancer. (June 14, 1986)
My Fair Lady, Brigadoon, An American In Paris, Gigi, On a Clear Day You Can See Forever, Camelot

London, Julie, 74, singer, actress; complications from stroke (October 18, 2000)
Cry Me a River (1956), Emergency (70s TV series), “The Marlboro Song” (early 60s)

Marchand, Nancy, 71, actress; lung cancer (June 18, 2000)
The Sopranos, Lou Grant

Maris, Roger, 51, baseball player; lung cancer [disputed; some say he died of lymphoma].
The home-run record holder appeared in Camel ads in the 60s

Martin, Dean, 78, singer; acute respiratory failure. (December 25, 1995)
Ocean’s Eleven

Marvin, Lee, 67, actor; heart attack. (August 29, 1987)
Cat Ballou

Marx, Groucho, 86, actor/entertainer; lung cancer. (Aug. 19, 1977) (Disputed: cause of death may have been pneumonia. Groucho had been ailing since he had a heart attack and several strokes in 1971)
A Day at the Races; You Bet Your Life

Matthau, Walter, 79, actor; heart attack. (June 30, 2000)
The Fortune Cookie, The Odd Couple, Grumpy Old Men
While making “The Fortune Cookie” in 1966, he suffered a serious heart attack. His doctor attributed it to smoking three packs a day and constant worry about gambling and told him to give up both. Matthau stopped smoking. In 1976, he underwent heart bypass surgery.

Maxwell, Marilyn, 49, actress/performer; “heart attack brought on by high blood pressure and a pulmonary ailment”–IMDB (March 20, 1972)

McLaren, Wayne, 51; model; lung cancer (Summer, 1992)
“Marlboro Cowboy”. At a Philip Morris shareholders meeting, he asked the company to limit their advertising.

McLean, David, 73; Former TV “Marlboro Man,” actor/model; lung cancer (Oct. 12, 1995)

McLure, Doug, 56; TV actor; lung cancer (February 5, 1995)
The Virginian

McQueen, Steve, actor; lung cancer McQueen Viceroy commercial

Meadows, Audrey, 71, actress; lung cancer (Feb. 3, 1996)
The Honeymooners

Mercouri, Melina, 68, actress; lung cancer (March 6, 1994)
Never on Sunday

Merrill, Gary, 74, actor; lung cancer (March 5, 1990)
All About Eve, Dr. Gillespie on Young Dr. Kildaire Husband of Bette Davis

Millar, David, model; complications from emphysema.
According to his sister, Millar was the first Marlboro Man.

Mitchum, Robert, 79, actor; emphysema, lung cancer (July 1, 1997)
The Night of the Hunter, Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison, Cape Fear, The Big Sleep, That Championship Season

Moore, Gary, 78, game show host; emphsema, November 28, 1993
I’ve Got a Secret, To Tell the Truth

Moorehead, Agnes, 73, actress; lung cancer (April 30, 1974)
TV: Bewitched Movies: Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons, Show Boat (1955)

Morton, Gary, 74, actor, stand-up comic, producer; lung cancer (March 30, 1999)
“The Lucy Show” (1962-8); “Here’s Lucy” (1968-74); “Life with Lucy” (1986)

Muller, Heiner, 66, playwright; throat cancer (Dec. 30, 1995)
Revered German playwright, poet, director, translator

Murrow, Edward R., 57, newscaster; lung cancer. ( April 27, 1965)
Host of The Camel News Caravan

Nixon, Pat, 81, First Lady of the US, 1969-74; multiple conditions. ( June 22, 1993)
The wife of Richard M. Nixon suffered strokes in 1976 and 1982. Had mouth cancer, emphysema and lung cancer.

Nye, Carrie, 69, stage actress; lung cancer (July 14, 2006)
Wife of Dick Cavett, who said, “she tried to quit a couple of times [but smoking] became part of her early persona; perhaps based on Tallulah Bankhead or Marlene Dietrich.”

Oliver, Susan, 53, actress, author; lung cancer (May 10, 1990)
Vina the slave girl in the first episode of Star Trek

Orbison, Roy, 52, singer, heart attack (December 6, 198
Crying, Only the Lonely, Pretty Woman

Onassis, Jacquie, 64, First Lady 1961-63; non-hodgkins lymphoma (May 19, 1994)
Reputedly a 3-pack-a-day chain-smoker (variously reported as Salem, Newport, L&M, Pall Mall, Marlboro and Merit), who concealed the habit from the public, and quit when she received the cancer diagnosis. http://smokingsides.com/asfs/K/Kennedy.html

O’Neal, Patrick, 66, actor; lung cancer (August, 1994)
The Kremlin Letter

Owens, Jesse, 66, track star; lung cancer
1936 Gold Medal winner at the Berlin Olympics; first cigarette pitchman to target blacks (Lucky Strike)

Palladin, Jean-Louis, 555, chef; lung cancer (November 25, 2001)

Palmer, Robert, 54, British rock star; heart attack (September 26, 2003)
Addicted to Love (1986)

Parks, Bert, 77, actor/singer; lung cancer (February 2, 1992)

Patchett, Jean, 75, fashion model; emphysema (January 22, 2002)

Patterson, Jennifer, 71, TV cook; lung cancer (August 10, 1999)
Two Fat Ladies (UK)

Peppard, George, actor; “complications arising from the treatment of cancer”; Peppard had smoked 2 packs a day until 1993, when he had a cancerous tumor removed from his lung (May 8, 1995)
Breakfast at Tiffany’s, A-Team

Powell, Dick, 59, actor; lung cancer (1963)

Price, Vincent, 82, actor; lung cancer (October 26, 1993)
The Tingler, The Fall of the House of Usher

Puccini, Giacomo, 65, opera composer; throat cancer (1924)
La Boheme, Tosca, Madame Butterfly

Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowden, 71, UK Royal Family; stroke/heart attack (February 9, 2002)
During her life, she suffered migraines, laryngitis, bronchitis, hepatitis and pneumonia. In 1985, tissue taken from her left lung proved to be benign. This did not stop her smoking; nor did the fact that four monarchs - Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII and the Princess’s own father, George VI - died of smoking-related illnesses. Within months of the biopsy operation she was smoking 30 cigarettes a day. She had apparently given up smoking when she suffered her first, mild stroke in 1998.

Ramsey, Anne, 59, actress; throat cancer (August 11, 198
Throw Mama from the Train

Rand, Ayn, 78, author/philosopher; heart failure/lung cancer (March 6, 1982)
The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged

Rawls, Lou, 72, singer; lung cancer (January 6, 2006)

Ray, Aldo, 64, actor; complications from throat cancer, pneumonia (March 27, 1991)

Reasoner, Harry, newscaster; lung cancer, pneumonia (August 6, 1991)
60 Minutes

Reese, Pee-Wee, 81, baseball player; lung cancer (August 14, 1999).
Brooklyn Dodgers shortstop

Reeve, Dana, 44, actress, singer, author, motivational speaker, advocate; lung cancer (March 6, 2006).
Many news reports noted that the nonsmoking widow and caregiver of actor Christopher Reeve had spent a lot of time performing in smoky nightclubs.

Remick, Lee, 55, actress; lung and liver cancer (July 2, 1991)
A Face in the Crowd, The Long Hot Summer, Anatomy of a Murder

Reinach, Jacquelyn, 70, writer; lung cancer (September 30, 2000)
Sweet Pickles (Children’s book classic); Know the Facts: Keep Your Power A young person’s anti-smoking program which won an Emmy in 1993

Reynolds, R.J. Sr., 67, founder of RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co., pancreatic cancer (1916)

Reynolds, R.J. Jr., 58, emphysema

Reynolds, R.J. III, 60, emphysema, (1994)

Richards, Ann, 73, Texas Governor, esophageal cancer (September 14, 2006)

Ripken, Cal Sr., 83, baseball coach, lung cancer(1994)

Rogers, Stan, 33, Canadian folksinger, airliner fire caused by smoking(1983)
“Northwest Passage,” “The Mary Ellen Carter.” This incident was instrumental in the later ban on airplane smoking. See http://www.rambles.net/one_warm89.html

Ruff, Patsy, 56, one of the world’s first successful double-lung transplants, kidney failure (October 21, 2000)
After her 1987 transplant, Ruff worked for the American Lung Association, warning about smoking. . . the anti-rejection drugs Ruff took led eventually to kidney failure.

Rugova, Ibrahim, 61, writer, first President of Kosovo (2002-2006); lung cancer (January 21, 2006)
Chain-smoking fighter for ethnic Albanians, and equal rights for Kosovo province with Serbia; opposed Yugoslavian President Miloscevic.

Ruth, Babe, 53, baseball player. Naso-pharyngeal cancer. (August 16, 194

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 74, philosopher (existentialism), author; After 2 heart attacks (1971, 1973), his health was never the same; his sight failed almost totally and his production diminished; In March of 1980, he was hospitalized for edema of the lungs, and died a few weeks later. (April 13, 1980)
1964 Nobel Prize in Literature No Exit, Nauseau, St. Genet

Sayre, Nora, 68, author; emphysema (August 8, 2001)
“Sixties Going on Seventies” (1973), “Running Time: Films of the Cold War” (1982), “Previous Convictions: A Journey Through the 1950s” (1995), and “On the Wing: A Young American Abroad” (2001) “Known for her chain-smoking and irascible personality”

Schiavelli, Vincent, 57, actor (December 26, 2005)
Popular droopy-eyed character actor. “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest,” “Ghost”

Schippers, Thomas, 47, conductor, musical director; lung cancer (December 16, 1977)
Co-founderof the Spoleto arts Festival

Scott, George C., 71, actor; ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (September 22, 1999)
Scott suffered several heart attacks over the years. He claimed he got his gravelly voice from “smoking too many cigarettes.”
Patton, Dr. Strangelove, The Hustler, Anatomy of a Murder, The Hospital

Scotti, Vito, 78, actor; lung cancer (June 5, 1996)
The Aristocats, The Godfather, Get Shorty

Serling, Rod, 51, writer/director; smoked 4 packs a day; heart disease. (June 28, 1975)
The Twilight Zone (1959-64)

Seyrig, Delphine, 58, actress; lung disease (October 15, 1990)

Shaw, Robert, 51, actor; heart attack (August 28, 197
Jaws, From Russia With Love, The Sting

Shirley, Anne, 75, actress; lung cancer (July 4, 1993)
Anne of the Green Gables, Stella Dallas

Sinatra, Frank, 82, singer, heart attack (May 14, 199
Sinatra was also suffering from bladder cancer, early Alzheimer’s and the effects of a stroke.

Shamseddine, Ayatollah Mohammed Mehdi, 64, spiritual leader of Lebanon’s Shiite Muslims and a staunch advocate of Christian-Muslim coexistence; lung cancer (January 10, 2001)

Shostakovich, Dmitri, 69, composer; lung cancer (August 9, 1975)

Smith, “Sonic” Fred, 45, rock musician; heart failure (November 4, 1994)
Guitarist with MC5

Soo, Jack, 63, actor; cancer of the esophagus (January 11, 1979)
Barney Miller

Stander, Lionel, 86, actor; lung cancer (November 30, 1994)
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, Max in Hart to Hart

Stanwyck, Barbara, 82, actress; congestive heart failure (January 20, 1990)
Stella Dallas, Double Indemnity

Stevens, Woody, 84, horse trainer (August 22, 199
Trained winners in all three Triple Crown races, including five straight Belmont winners during the 1980s.

Sullivan, Ed, 72, entertainer; lung cancer (1974)

Taglioni, Fabio, 80, Ducati motorcycle engineer and designer; throat cancer (July 18, 2001)

Talman, William, actor; lung cancer (August 30, 196
D.A. Hamilton Burger, Perry Mason TV Series
When He came down with lung cancer, He was the first actor to do a TV commercial on the danger of smoking. (Internet Movie Database) He died before the commercial aired.

Tarbox, Barb, 42; former Canadian model became a tobacco control activist, lung cancer (May 18, 200396

You are all so much above this. You’re intelligent. You’re energetic. You have the world before you in the palms of your hands. Any dream you have is possible. But if you walk the path I walked, this is the path you will walk. And I don’t want any of you ever to walk this walk.

Taylor, Robert, 57, actor; lung cancer (June 8, 1969)
Quo Vadis, Magnificent Obsession, Broadway Melody of 1938, Saddle the Wind

Thaw, John, 60, actor; throat cancer (February 21 2002)
The Loneliness Of The Long Distance Runner, The Sweeney, Inspector Morse

Thomas, Ross, 69, author; lung cancer (December 19, 1995)
Espionage author; wrote the screenplay for Bad Lieutenant, his Briarpatch won the Edgar Award for Best Mystery Novel (1985)

Thornbury, Will, 57, model; Lung Cancer (1992)
Modeled for Camel TV ads

Tierney, Gene, 70, actress; emphysema (November 6, 1991)
Laura, Leave Her to Heaven
The squeakiness of her voice in her first film, “The Return of Frank James,” impelled her to take up smoking cigarettes.

Tone, Franchot, 63, actor; lung cancer (September 18, 196
Mutiny on the Bounty, Lives of a Bengal Lancer

Tracy, Spencer, 66, actor; lung congestion; heart attack (June 10, 1967)
Captains Courageous (1937), Boys’ Town (1938), San Francisco (1936), Father of the Bride (1950), Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), Old Man and the Sea (1958), Inherit the Wind (1960), Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967)

Tubb, Ernest, 70, singer; emphysema (September 6,1984)
“The Texas Troubador”– Waltz Across Texas, I’m Walking the Floor over You

Tucker, Forrest, 67, actor; lung cancer and emphysema (October 25, 1986)
Sands of Iwo Jima, The Yearling, Gunsmoke

Tucker, Sophie, 78, entertainer; lung cancer (February 9, 1966)

Turner, Lana, actress; throat cancer (June, 1995) TV: Falcon Crest. Movies: Imitation of Life (1959), Madame X (1966), Peyton Place (1957), The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946)

Vander Pyl, Jean, actor; lung cancer (April 13, 1999)
Voice of Wilma Flintstone, The Flintstones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O5pA1k0JBI Video of Fred & Wilma’s Winston ad

“Everybody on the Flintstones smoked and all of them ended up dying of smoking-related diseases. . . That little cute laugh that Betty and Wilma did with their mouths closed? They came up with that because when they normally laughed, because they were smokers, they coughed.”

– Michael O’Meara, son of Jean Vander Pyl. See Benaderet, BeaVaughan, Sarah, singer; lung cancer (1990)
Broken-hearted Melody

Varney, Jim, 50, actor; lung cancer (February 10, 2000)
“Ernest P. Worrell”
Though hopelessly hooked on cigarettes, he wouldn’t allow himself to be photographed smoking, for the sake of all the kids who loved Ernest. And, though he entertained them by clowning, sprawling, grinning and cutting up, the talented Mr. Varney had one last message for those kids: Don’t smoke. –Lexington Herald-Leader 2/11/00

Walker, Nancy, 69, actress; lung cancer (March 25, 1992)

Wayne, John, 72, actor; After exposure to nuclear radiation, cancer took a lung in 1963; had many battles with heart disease and other cancers. (June 11, 1979)
Stagecoach; Red River; Fort Apache; Rio Grande; She Wore a Yellow Ribbon; The Searchers and this Camel commercial: http://www.tvparty.com/g2c/waynecamel.ram

Wells, Mary, 49, singer; larynx cancer (1992)
My Guy

Wheeler, Bert, 72, comedian; emphysema (January 18, 196

Wilcoxon, Henry, 79, actor; cancer and COPD (March, 1984)
Cleopatra (1934), Crusades, Greatest Show on Earth, The Ten Commandments, That Hamilton Woman, Mrs. Miniver, Man in the Wilderness, Last of the Mohicans (1935), Unconquered, Caddy Shack

Wild, Jack, 53, actor; oral cancer (March 1, 2006)
The Artful Dodger in Oliver! (1968); HR Pufnstuf.(TV)

Wilson, Bill, 76, founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, emphysema (1971)

Wilson, Carl, 51, musician (Beach Boys); complications from lung cancer (February 6, 199

Williams, Tex, country-western singer; lung cancer (October 13, 1985)
Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette) (1947)

Wolfman Jack, 57, radio personality, actor; heart attack (July 1, 1995)
American Graffitti

Woodbury, Joan, 74, actress; COPD, lung cancer (February, 1989)
Anthony Adverse, Algiers, Hit the Deck, Latins From Manhattan, The Ten Commandments, Bride of Frankenstein. Other westerns with William Boyd (Hoppalong Cassidy), Tex Ritter, Roy Rogers, Gene Autry. Made over 70 “B” films: Boston Blackie, Charlie Chan, etc. She was the original Brenda Starr.

Yennimatas, George, Greek National Economy Minister, 55; complications from lung cancer (April 25, 1994)
Yennimatas was one of Greece’s most beloved politicians. When he presented the 1994 budget to reporters in November, he announced a new tax on tobacco, saying the revenues would be earmarked for an anti-smoking campaign.

York, Dick, 63, actor; emphysema (1992)

Young, Faron, 64, country-western singer; self-inflicted gunshot wound. (Dec. 10, 1996). Young “had been depressed recently about emphysema and other health problems”–NY Times, 12/11/96.
Goin’ Steady; Sweet Dreams; Live Fast, Love Hard, Die Young

Young, Coleman A., 79, Detroit, Michigan’s longest-serving mayor. Emphysema. (November 29, 1997)

Zevon, Warren., 56, singer/songwriter. Mesothelioma (an asbestos-related lung cancer; smoking greatly increases the risk) (September 7, 2003)
Werewolves of London.

By the looks of this list it would appear that smoking cigarettes is not as cool as you thought is it? As we had into the new year, maybe this might be a time to think about stopping smoking? The makers of Smoke Away implore you to try whatever you think might help you quit smoking.

If you need more incentive to quit smoking, here are some reasons that you may not know about. From WebMD.

You know smoking causes lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease, but you’re still lighting up. To help you get on the wagon, we’ve compiled a list of little known ways your life can go up in smoke if you don’t kick the habit.

From an increased risk of blindness to a faster decline in mental function, here are 10 compelling — and often surprising — reasons to stick to your commitment.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Smoking Speeds Up Mental Decline

In the elderly years, the rate of mental decline is up to five times faster in smokers than in nonsmokers, according to a study of 9,200 men and women over age 65.

Participants took standardized tests used to detect mental impairment when they entered the study and again two years later. Higher rates of mental decline were found in men and women — and in persons with or without a family history of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, the researchers reported in the March issue of the journal Neurology.

Smoking likely puts into effect a vicious cycle of artery damage, clotting and increased risk of stroke, causing mental decline, writes researcher A. Ott, MD, a medical microbiologist with Erasmus University Medical Centre in the Netherlands.

The bottom line: The study provides substantial evidence that chronic tobacco use is harmful to the brain and speeds up onset of Alzheimer’s disease, Ott says.

Lupus: Smoking Raises Risk of Autoimmune Disease

Smoking cigarettes raises the risk of developing lupus — but quitting cuts that risk, an analysis of nine studies shows.

Systemic lupus erythematosus — known as lupus — is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation, pain, and tissue damage throughout the body. Although some people with lupus have mild symptoms, it can become quite severe.

For the analysis, Harvard researchers reviewed studies that examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and lupus. Among current smokers, there was “a small but significant increased risk” for the development of lupus, they report. Former smokers did not have this increased risk, according to the study, which appeared in the March issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism.

SIDS: Maternal Smoking Doubles Risk

Smoking increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS, a European analysis shows.

The researchers compared 745 SIDS cases with more than 2,400 live babies for comparison and concluded that just under half of all deaths were attributable to infants sleeping on their stomachs or sides. Roughly 16% of SIDS deaths were linked to bed sharing, but for unknown reasons, bed sharing was particularly risky when the mother smoked. The risk was very small when mothers did not smoke during pregnancy, the researchers say.

Maternal smoking alone was associated with a doubling in SIDS risk. The risk was 17 times greater, however, for babies who bed shared and had mothers who smoked. The findings are reported in the Jan. 17 issue of The Lancet.

The safest thing to do is to put the baby to bed on his back with no bedcovers in the same room with parents who don’t smoke,” London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine epidemiologist Robert G. Carpenter, PhD, tells WebMD.

Colic: Smoking Makes Babies Irritable, Too

Exposure to tobacco smoke may increase babies’ risk of colic, according to a review of more than 30 studies on the topic.

Colic often starts a few weeks after birth, peaking at about 5 to 8 weeks of age. It usually goes away by 4 months of age. Babies’ symptoms include irritability, inconsolable crying, red face, clenched fists, drawn-up legs, and screaming.

Colic affects an estimated 5%-28% of babies born in Western countries. Its causes have been attributed to everything from exposure to cow’s milk proteins to feeding difficulties to maternal depression or anxiety.

Tobacco smoke appears to raise levels of a gut hormone called motilin in the blood and intestines. Motilin increases the contractions of the stomach and intestines, increasing the movement of food through the gut. “Higher-than-average motilin levels are linked to elevated risks of infantile colic,” the researchers write in the October issue of the journal Pediatrics.

An Increased Risk of Impotence

Guys concerned about their performance in the bedroom should stop lighting up, suggests a study that linked smoking to a man’s ability to get an erection. The study of nearly 5,000 Chinese men showed that men who smoked more than a pack a day were 60% more likely to suffer erectile dysfunction, compared with men who never smoked cigarettes.

Overall, 15% of past and present smokers had experienced erectile dysfunction, more commonly known as impotence. Among men who had never smoked, 12% had erection problems, according to the study, presented last year at the American Heart Association’s annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention in Miami.

Blindness: Smoking Raises Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Smokers are four times more likely to become blind because of age-related macular degeneration than those who have never smoked. But quitting can lower that risk, other research shows.

Age-related macular degeneration is a severe and progressive condition that results in loss of central vision. It results in blindness because of the inability to use the part of the retina that allows for ’straight-ahead’ activities such as reading, sewing, and even driving a vehicle. While all the risk factors are not fully understood, research has pointed to smoking as one major and modifiable cause.

“More than a quarter of all cases of age-related macular degeneration with blindness or visual impairment are attributable to current or past exposure to smoking,” Simon P. Kelly, MD, an ophthalmic surgeon with Bolton Hospitals in the U.K, wrote in the March 4, 2004 issue of the BMJ. He came to his conclusion after reviewing three studies involving 12,470 patients.

But other studies show that former smokers have an only slightly increased risk of age-related macular degeneration, compared with never smokers, he writes.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Genetically Vulnerable Smokers Increase Their Risk Even More

People whose genes make them more susceptible to developing rheumatoid arthritis are even more likely to get the disease if they smoke, say Swedish researchers.

In fact, certain genetically vulnerable smokers can be nearly 16 times more likely to develop the disease than nonsmokers without the same genetic profile, according to the study in the October issue of the journal Arthritis & Rheumatism.

Swedish researchers asked participants about their smoking habits and screened their blood for a gene-encoding protein sequence called the shared epitope (SE), which is the major genetic risk factor currently linked to rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with people who had never smoked and lacked SE genes, current smokers with SE genes were 7.5 times more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis.

Smokers with double SE genes were almost 16 times more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis, while smokers without SE genes were only 2.4 times more likely to be affected.

Snoring: Even Living With a Smoker Raises Risk

Smoking - or living with a smoker — can cause snoring, according to a study of more than 15,000 men and women.

Habitual snoring, defined as loud and disturbing snoring at least three nights per week, affected 24% of smokers, 20% of ex-smokers, and almost 14% of people who had never smoked. The more people smoked, the more frequently they snored, the researchers reported in the October issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

Even nonsmokers were more likely to snore if they were exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes. Almost 20% of these nonsmokers snored, compared with nearly 13% who had never been exposed to secondhand smoke at home.

Acid Reflux: Heavy Smoking Linked to Heartburn

People who smoke for more than 20 years are 70% more likely to have acid reflux disease than nonsmokers, researchers reported in the November issue of the journal Gut.

Roughly one in five people suffer from heartburn or acid reflux, known medically as gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD.

The researchers based their findings on two major public health surveys conducted in Norway in the 1980s and 1990s. Just more than 3,100 people who complained of having heartburn and 40,000 people without reflux symptoms answered questions about lifestyle factors including diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.

Breast Cancer: Active Smoking Plays Bigger Role Than Thought

Other research out in 2004 shows that active smoking may play a much larger role in increasing breast cancer risk than previously thought.

In the study, published in the Jan. 7 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers looked at breast cancer risk among 116,544 women in the California Teachers Study who reported their smoking status. Between 1996 and 2000, 2,000 of the women developed breast cancer.

The prevalence of breast cancer among current smokers was 30% higher than the women who had never smoked — regardless of whether the nonsmokers had been exposed to secondhand or passive smoke.

Those at greatest risk: Women who started smoking before age 20, who began smoking at least five years before their first full-term pregnancy, and who had smoked for longer periods of time or smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day.

And There’s More …

If those top 10 reasons weren’t enough to motivate you to quit smoking, keep this in mind:

• Smoking is linked to certain colon cancers.
• Smoking may increase the risk of depression in young people,
• Some studies have linked smoking to thyroid disease.

Lastly, the makers of Smoke Away would like to know what reasons not mentioned here would you have our readers know about before stupidly wondering why they should quit smoking. Want to find out other reasons? log onto Smoke Away Support and talk to people who know first hand!

Building on local momentum, Chicago convened a local summit on September 25, 2007, titled Chicago Second Wind Summit: A Chicagoland Smoking Cessation Initiative .  Under the leadership of Carol Southard (who also leads the SCLC ADHA partnership), Stacy Ignoffo from the Respiratory Health Association of Metropolitan Chicago (RHAMC), and Donna Scrutchins from Chicago Department of Public Health , 45 local tobacco advocates convened at RHAMC headquarters and set the following goals and strategies:

Primary Measure

• Reduce 19.1% adult smoking prevalence to 14% by year 2010. 
• Reduce 21.7% teen smoking prevalence to 16% by year 2010.
• Increase quit attempts from 60% to 80% by year 2010.

Secondary Measure

• Double call utilization of quitlines (currently at 0.50%) each year for next three years.

Beginning strategies were developed in the following areas:

•   Targeted public cessation awareness campaign
•   Recruiting community organizations to be smoking cessation resources
•   Smoking cessation intervention education for health care providers
•   Fundraising for smoking cessation strategies
•   Policy issues related to smoking cessation

Committees have already begun to arrange follow-up calls as a way of moving forward on the strategies they have identified.  This event is timed to pave the way as Illinois becomes officially smoke - free on January 1, 2008. 

If you would like more information or would like to be involved in the Chicagoland Smoking Cessation Initiative, contact Reason Reyes at reason.reyes@ucsf.edu or Carol Southard at csouthar@nmh.org .

Here is a story that we always knew was true. It’s similar to the makers of light beer. At the end of the day it’s still beer and at the end of the day, it’s still a cigarette.The nation’s largest tobacco company knew as early as the 1970s that smokers of light cigarettes took larger puffs that delivered greater amounts of tar, according to a newly released memo.

The 1975 Philip Morris USA correspondence was released by the Senate Commerce Committee in advance of a hearing Tuesday examining the rating system that allows tobacco companies to market cigarettes as regular, light or ultra-light.

The current rating system gives smokers a false sense that cigarettes with less tar and nicotine are healthier, according to a memorandum produced by Democratic congressional staffers.

The Federal Trade Commission allows companies to make statements about tar and nicotine levels as long as they’re based on a standardized system. That system uses a machine that smokes every cigarette the same way.

People, however, don’t smoke the same way. Some breathe in more deeply. Others hold their fingers over the cigarette’s vent holes, which increases smoke intake. Research has shown that smokers of “light” cigarettes take longer, deeper puffs and smoke more cigarettes a day to compensate for the lower level of nicotine.

“In a lot of ways switching to light cigarettes can be more deadly,” said Sen. Frank Lautenberg, D-N.J.

Lautenberg, a member of the committee, sponsored legislation last year that would prohibit manufacturers from using descriptions such as “light” or “low tar” on a package label or in advertising. He hopes the hearing could generate more support for banning such labels.

Among the documents to be reviewed is the one from Philip Morris, which said the larger puffs taken by smokers of light cigarettes “increased the delivery of the cigarette’s particulate matter,” which consists mostly of tar.

Philip Morris, part of Altria Group Inc., acknowledges on its Web site that smokers should not assume that light or ultra light cigarettes are safer than full-flavor brands.

“There is no safe cigarette. ‘Medium,’ ‘mild,’ ‘light’ and ‘ultra light’ cigarettes are no exception,” the company’s Web site says. Despite the warnings, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids says tobacco companies aggressively market light cigarettes to smokers concerned about their health. And smokers of those products feel that their brands offer fewer risks than regular cigarettes.

The National Cancer Institute has for several years called for a change in the way that cigarettes are labeled. In 2001, it said people most concerned about smoking risks are those most likely to use brands labeled as light or ultra light.

“Choosing lower-yield cigarettes is not likely to reduce tar intake and resulting disease risks. Furthermore, marketing and promotion of reduced yield products may delay genuine attempts to quit,” the agency said. “There is no evidence that switching to light or ultra-light cigarettes actually assists smokers in quitting.”

In the opinion of Smoke Away, if you continue to smoke, regardless of the type of cigarette, or cigar or whatever, the outcome will always be the same. To talk to more people about their experience with quitting smoking, log onto the Smoke Away Support site.

CHICAGO, — Motives for quitting smoking — and barriers to it — vary according to age, researchers have said.If they are motivated, patients older than 65 can stop smoking as easily as younger patients — and they are more likely to stay off tobacco, according to Virginia Reichert, a nurse practitioner at the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System in Great Neck, N.Y.

That was one of the big differences between age groups she and colleagues found when they analyzed records of 2,052 patients who went through an intensive six-week stop-smoking program at her institution last year.

“There’s a common misperception that if a person hasn’t quit by now, they aren’t going to,” she said, “and that isn’t true.” 

At 30 days after the end of the program, the quit rate was virtually identical, at about 58%, Reichert said at the meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians.

But after a year of follow-up, 52% of the 143 participants older than 65 remained off cigarettes, compared with 35% of those younger, Reichert said.

The finding, she said, makes sense. “As you get older you’re able to fight your addictions a little bit better.” The message for clinicians, she said, is that it’s never too late for a patient to quit smoking.The investigators also found:

• Among the younger group, 29% saw possible weight gain as a barrier to stopping, compared with 15% of the over-65s.
• 81% of the younger smokers wanted to quit because of general health concerns, compared with 68% of the older cohort.
• Only 19% of the younger smokers were quitting because of pressure from their doctors, compared with 32% of the older group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the proportions who gave pressure from family or friends as a reason to quit.
• More younger smokers cited the expense of cigarettes, at 37% versus 22%

A major obstacle to successful quitting was the presence of another smoker at home, but that was significantly greater in the younger cohort (18% versus 9% ).

Again, that makes sense, Reichert said: “Many older people live alone.”

The study has a “tremendous amount of material,” commented Frank Leone, M.D., of the University of Pennsylvania Health System in Philadelphia, who moderated a press conference at which Reichert spoke.

Dr. Leone, who was not part of the study, said one implication of the findings is that smoking-cessation programs should take into account differing barriers and motivations.

The data are “another step toward individualizing, more finely tailoring the kinds of interventions used,” he said.

The bottom line here is that it is never too late to try to quit. The ramifications of quitting can be seen almost immediately. For more information about people who can help you with your quit, go to the Smoke Away Support Group and or you can find out more about Smoke Away here. You can find the full article here.